of the book reflects the conditions and attitudes of Jews scattered in Persia, rather than those of pious Jews in the Holy Land. Additional arguments for the authenticity of Esther are its accurate knowledge of Persian customs and its use of many Persian words. Examples of this will be noted at various points in the commentary. The lack of personal piety of Esther and Mordecai actually strengthens the value of the book of Esther as a special demonstration of the providence of God. Ezra and Nehemiah